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TuxCare BlogLinux Kernel 6.12 Released: Key Features and Improvements
by Rohan Timalsina
December 12, 2024 - TuxCare expert team
- Linux Kernel 6.12 introduces PREEMPT_RT for real-time computing and enhanced scheduling with BPF and EEVDF.
- Improved hardware support includes Raspberry Pi 5, gaming devices, and expanded RISC-V compatibility.
- KernelCare Enterprise enables live kernel patching for Linux distributions, ensuring security without reboots or downtime.
The latest Linux kernel 6.12 was released on November 17, 2024. With each new release, the Linux kernel continues to push the boundaries of performance, security, and functionality. Expected to be a LTS (Long-Term Support) series, this new version is no exception – bringing many exciting new features and enhancements like real-time capabilities and improved file system performance.
So, what makes this version stand out? In this article, we’ll explore the key features and improvements that make this release a significant milestone in the Linux evolution.
What’s New in Linux Kernel 6.12?
Real-Time “PREEMPT_RT” Support
One of the headline additions is the full integration of the PREEMPT_RT (Real-Time) patchset. After nearly two decades of development, this feature finally became a reality with the mainline Linux kernel 6.12. It enables true real-time computing by allowing high-priority tasks to interrupt lower-priority kernel processes.
Real-time, in the context of operating systems, doesn’t just mean “fast,” as explained by Linux developer Thomas Gleixner in a recent interview on Linux.com. Real-time guarantees that tasks are processed within a specific and predictable timeframe. This timeframe can vary depending on the application.
Ideal for applications where timing is critical, such as industrial automation and telecommunications, PREEMPT_RT ensures enhanced responsiveness and reduced latency. Linux 6.12 brings this feature to ARM64, RISC-V, and x86/x86_64 architectures.
New Scheduling System – sched_ext
Linux 6.12 introduces a specialized scheduling class, sched_ext, powered by BPF (Berkeley Packet Filter). This approach enables user-defined scheduling behaviors, opening doors to optimized performance for niche applications, including gaming. The implementation of the EEVDF (Earliest Eligible Virtual Deadline First) scheduler further refines workload management, ensuring smoother operation under heavy loads.
RISC-V Architecture Expansion
The Linux kernel continues its commitment to the RISC-V ecosystem by adding support for several CPU ISA extensions. This ensures developers working with RISC-V can leverage cutting-edge features while benefiting from the kernel’s expanding hardware compatibility.
Arm’s Permission Overlay Extension
Another major addition in Linux kernel 6.12 is the integration of the Arm Permission Overlay Extension (POE) support. This long-awaited feature, which has been in development for the past year, is now fully functional within the kernel.
Introduced in the Arm A-Profile specs in 2022, POE empowers users to impose granular permissions on specific memory regions, even from user-space. This capability is crucial for implementing the Linux Memory Protection Keys system call, enhancing system security and integrity.
Filesystem and Storage Improvements
File system performance sees notable advancements in Linux 6.12:
XFS Updates: Support for block sizes exceeding the page size enhances storage scalability.
EROFS Enhancements: The ability to mount filesystem images stored in files improves flexibility for read-only environments.
FUSE Updates: ID-mapped mounts now enable easier management of containerized storage.
NFS LOCALIO Protocol Support: Adds efficiency for localized network file operations.
Key Hardware Enhancements
As expected, Linux kernel 6.12 brings improved hardware support:
Raspberry Pi 5: Initial mainline support makes this popular single-board computer even more accessible.
Gaming Devices: ARM-powered GameForce Ace and OneXPlayer sensors gain compatibility.
Laptop Features: Enhanced fan control for ASUS Vivobook, customizable battery charging profiles for Dell laptops, and improved support for Lenovo ThinkPad X12 Gen 2 keyboards.
Enhanced NVIDIA GPU Support: Integration of virtual command queue implementations for SMMUv3 offers improved GPU performance and scalability.
Linux Kernel 6.12 Security Updates
QR Codes in DRM Panics
A unique addition to this release is QR code support during DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) kernel panics. This feature allows users to capture and decode error information more effectively, simplifying debugging and troubleshooting.
vDSO getrandom() Expands to Additional CPU Architectures
Linux 6.12 extends the vDSO-based getrandom() support to five more CPU architectures. This includes ARM64 (AArch64), PowerPC 64-bit, PowerPC 32-bit, s390x, and LoongArch 64-bit architectures. It allows for high-performance, secure random number generation directly within user space.
Upgrade to Linux Kernel 6.12
For those eager to experience the latest features and performance improvements, Linux kernel 6.12 is available for download from the official kernel website or directly from Linus Torvalds’ git tree. However, compiling the kernel manually can be a complex process.
If you prefer stability, wait for your Linux distribution to include kernel 6.12 in upcoming updates. This ensures a smooth and hassle-free transition, as the distribution’s package managers will handle the necessary dependencies and configuration changes.
Final Thoughts
Linux kernel 6.12 continues to cement the kernel’s role as a cornerstone of modern computing. With advancements in real-time capabilities, hardware compatibility, and focus on security, this release will benefit a wide range of applications, from high-performance servers to embedded systems.
As Linux kernel development progresses, we can anticipate even more groundbreaking features and optimizations in future releases. Stay tuned for the exciting developments that lie ahead in the Linux kernel 6.13 and beyond.
