We’ve received requests for assistance with converting systems running RHEL 7 to CentOS 7. There are several reasons for this, from wanting to standardize the server fleet (on a recently released survey, roughly 73% of the respondents said they had a single OS fleet), licensing changes, future migration paths or other scenarios.
What could, at first glance, look like a simple repository change is actually somewhat more involved. So we created a script to automatically perform the conversion. This article provides an in-depth look at the script and the migration process.
The script is written in Python, and it performs 9 distinct operations:
- Check if the conversion has already completed
- Check if the script is running with root privileges
- Check if the current system is RHEL 7
- Remove RHEL specific packages
- Install CentOS specific packages
- Update distribution packages
- Synchronize distribution packages
- Perform some EFI and Secure Boot specific operations
- Set the default GRUB record
Let’s dig a little deeper into each of these.
Check if the conversion has already completed
The script is designed to be idempotent. That means that it can be executed multiple times without any risk. The status of every step is stored in a special file so the script will never execute a previously completed step again. If all steps have already been done, the script will just print a “The system has already migrated to CentOS 7” message and exit.
Check if the script is running with root privileges
Most of the commands executed by the script require root privileges, so this is checked at the very beginning.
Check if the current system is RHEL 7
The script checks that the installed system is indeed RHEL 7. Each operating system has its own specific characteristics, and trying to use the script on an unsupported system can lead to unexpected results.
Remove RHEL specific packages
This step removes packages specific to RHEL – logos and configuration files with information about the release and repositories. These are the packages mainly responsible for the “branding” of the distribution.
Install CentOS specific packages
The packages removed in the previous step are replaced with the corresponding packages from CentOS. From now on, you will use the CentOS repositories to install and update packages.
Update distribution packages
A regular update of all system packages to the latest versions available in the CentOS repositories is performed.
Synchronize distribution packages
The extra step of keeping the packages in sync with the latest versions available in the CentOS repositories is necessary for cases where a package in CentOS has a lower version than the equivalent RHEL one. Such packages are very rare. However, this situation may still need to be handled.
Perform some EFI and Secure Boot specific operations
This step is very important for converting systems running in UEFI (not BIOS) mode. Most solutions and articles do not provide information on the steps needed to manage these systems, but not doing this can result in an unbootable operating system following conversion. RHEL and CentOS use different paths for the Shim and Grub2 boot loaders – /boot/efi/EFI/redhat and /boot/efi/EFI/centos respectively.
This causes two problems. The first is that after the conversion, the Grub2 bootloader will look for its configuration in the new path while it is still located in /boot/efi/EFI/redhat dir. The second problem is the boot entries in the UEFI firmware. An RHEL entry will remain pointing to the bootloader in /boot/efi/EFI/redhat, but it is no longer available using this path. A fallback mode is implemented in most UEFI firmware, where the bootloader will still be detected and launched. However, the implementation of this mode is optional, and some hardware does not support this. In this case, after migration, the system will not be able to boot. Both these problems are automatically solved at this step.
Also, at this step, the script makes sure that the Shim and Grub2 boot loaders and the kernel are installed from the CentOS repository. If any of the listed packages remain from RHEL, the system will not be able to boot into Secure Boot mode. Such packages will be detected and reinstalled from CentOS.
Set the default GRUB record
Typically, RHEL systems have several recent kernels installed. Therefore, the script sets the kernel from CentOS as the default kernel for the next boot in the last step. This step is also required for systems running in Secure Boot mode.
Where to download and how to use it
And at this point, the system is, for all intents and purposes, running CentOS 7. It will show up as CentOS in management systems (you may need to refresh the system information if it’s stored centrally), and will accept any CentOS specific automated management operations you may use on other systems. The script effectively eliminates the complexity of the process and automatically performs all these steps.
The script is open source, and you can find it here: https://github.com/cloudlinux/rhel2centos
Usage instructions are simple:
- Make a backup of the system (it’s impossible to test all possible installation variations out there, so some corner case may have issues. You should not neglect this step.)
- Download the script:
| $ curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cloudlinux/rhel2centos/main/migrate_7.py |
- Run it and check the output for errors:
|
$ sudo python migrate_7.py |
- A correct migration will have the following information in place:
|
# check release file |
(version numbers may vary as updates are released)
